Please see disclaimer on the article abstract page. However, further investigations still needs to be done to reduce the duration of product contact with combustion gasses, in order to reduce the PAH content of smoked shrimp to safer levels, largely below standards.Accepted Author Version.
Results showed that only shrimp smoked using Acacia charcoal in a chorkor kiln had PAH levels (benzopyrene = 5 µg kg−1 and sum of benzopyrene, chrysene, benzoanthracene and benzofluoranthene = 28 µg kg−1) in accordance with European standard of 5 and 30 µg kg−1, respectively, and suitable physico-chemical characteristics for good storage (moisture content = 11.9 ± 1.5% water activity = 0.46 ± 0.03).
The present study explored possibilities to reduce PAH levels in shrimp smoked using cottage industry smoking techniques with barrel and chorkor kilns, by replacing wood by charcoal from Acacia auriculiformis and Mangifera indica, as fuels. A previous study revealed that this product is highly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Smoked shrimp is a food condiment widely used in Beninese local cooking practices. For the smoked samples, Mean BaP concentrations and mean PAH4 exceeded the EU maximum limits in the muscle of smoked fish and public health authorities are urged to take appropriate action. Mean BaP concentrations were higher than the EU limits (2 μg/kg) while PAH4 values were within the EU limit (12 μg/kg) in raw samples of both species. Horse mackerel had the higher value of 44.784 mg/kg for total mean PAH (mPAH) but PAH4 (sum of the four indicators of PAH contamination benzopyrene, benzanthracene, benzofluoranthene and chrysene) was similar in raw mackerel and horse mackerel. Crude protein was higher in horse mackerel samples for both raw and smoked categories while other parameters were generally higher in mackerel. Moisture content was higher in the raw samples compared to their corresponding smoked samples. One part was analyzed raw while the other was smoked with firewood before analysis. The fish were procured in triplicate and split into two equal parts. cities, surpassing Los Angeles’ tally by 400 and New York’s by nearly 300.Proximate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compositions were analyzed in raw and smoked samples of two exotic fish species mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) obtained from a local market in Umuahia, Nigeria. Chicago’s 797 homicides in 2021 - its highest toll for any year in a quarter century - eclipsed the totals in the two bigger U.S. cities reported dramatic spikes in homicide totals last year.
This year, Chicago has recorded 779 shooting incidents and 194 homicides, compared to 898 shootings and 207 homicides during the same period in 2021, according to figures last updated by the Chicago Police Department on May 8.Ĭhicago and some other U.S. The shooting comes amid a surge in deadly violence in the city in recent years. demonstration, however participants had largely dispersed by late afternoon.
It is unclear if the teen who was shot had taken part in the 1 p.m. against the recently leaked draft opinion that suggests the Supreme Court is prepared to overturn the nationwide right to abortion. Hundreds of people were at the park earlier Saturday as part of demonstrations around the U.S. Visitors take their best Chicago photographs in front of the iconic Millennium Park sculpture called Cloud Gate (known colloquially as the Bean, for its shape). “We all must condemn this behavior in the strongest terms possible.” Police officers monitor crowds at 'The Bean' tourist attraction in Millennium Park, Chicago on May 15, 2022. “We must also have zero tolerance for young people carrying firearms or settling petty disputes with acts of violence,” Mayor Lori Lightfoot said in a statement.
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